1. Spacetime: different than Newtonian mechanics in that space and time are not separated but are one in the same.

[ds²=c³dt²-dx²-dy²-dz²]

2. Einstein field equation: formed from the vacuum field equations of Pioisson’s equation and standard Newtonian gravitational field equation.

[Rμν-½gμνR =-8πGTμν]

3. The Schwarzchild Solution: the spherically symmetric mass distribution for the Einstein field equation.

[ds²=(1-(2GM/r)) dt²-dr²/(1-2GM/r)-r²dθ²-r²sin²θdΦ²